Parallel Two-Stage Least Squares algorithms for Simultaneous Equations Models on GPU

Today it is usual to have computational systems formed by a multicore together with one or more GPUs. These systems are heterogeneous, due to the di erent types of memory in the GPUs and to the di erent speeds of computation of the cores in the CPU and the GPU. To accelerate the solution of complex problems it is necessary to combine the two basic components (CPU and GPU) in the heterogeneous system. This paper analyzes the use of a multicore+multiGPU system for solving Simultaneous Equations Models by the Two-Stage Least Squares method with QR decomposition. The combination of CPU and GPU allows us to reduce the execution time in the solution of large SEM.Ramiro Sánchez, C.; López-Espín, JJ.; Giménez, D.; Vidal, AM. (2012). Parallel Two-Stage Least Squares algorithms for Simultaneous Equations Models on GPU. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/1496

Exploiting Heterogeneous Parallelism on Hybrid Metaheuristics for Vector Autoregression Models

In the last years, the huge amount of data available in many disciplines makes the mathematical modeling, and, more concretely, econometric models, a very important technique to explain those data. One of the most used of those econometric techniques is the Vector Autoregression Models (VAR) which are multi-equation models that linearly describe the interactions and behavior of a group of variables by using their past. Traditionally, Ordinary Least Squares and Maximum likelihood estimators have been used in the estimation of VAR models. These techniques are consistent and asymptotically efficient under ideal conditions of the data and the identification problem. Otherwise, these techniques would yield inconsistent parameter estimations. This paper considers the estimation of a VAR model by minimizing the difference between the dependent variables in a certain time, and the expression of their own past and the exogenous variables of the model (in this case denoted as VARX model). The solution of this optimization problem is approached through hybrid metaheuristics. The high computational cost due to the huge amount of data makes it necessary to exploit High-Performance Computing for the acceleration of methods to obtain the models. The parameterized, parallel implementation of the metaheuristics and the matrix formulation ease the simultaneous exploitation of parallelism for groups of hybrid metaheuristics. Multilevel and heterogeneous parallelism are exploited in multicore CPU plus multiGPU nodes, with the optimum combination of the different parallelism parameters depending on the particular metaheuristic and the problem it is applied to.This work was supported by the Spanish MICINN and AEI, as well as European Commission FEDER funds, under grant RTI2018-098156-B-C53 and grant TIN2016-80565-R

Determinantes associados à variabilidade do índice de fragmentação do ácido desoxirribonucleico espermático em homens saudáveis: um estudo de seguimento

The aim of this work was to study the variability of the sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) fragmentation index in a cohort of healthy men and to analyze the determinants and associated factors related to that variability, including sexual habits, lifestyle and environmental exposures. This is a prospective study which was carried out for 1 year evaluating multiple semen samples (obtained approximately every 4-6 weeks) from 19 healthy male volunteers. The subjects completed epidemiological questionnaires on lifestyle and environmental exposures in each of the interviews. Individuals were divided into two groups depending on their responses to several lifestyle and environmental exposure questions (“yes” vs. “no”). The coefficient of variation (CV) and the intra-subject coefficient of variation (CVi) of the sperm DNA fragmentation index were calculated and their statistical differences examined with regard to their responses to the studied factors. The CVs of the the sperm DNA fragmentation index were significantly different for all the studied variables, with the exception of the exposure to environmental toxicants (similar CV) and light physical exercise (similar CVi). That index was also positively correlated to the number of hours spent doing sedentary activities (p-value = 0.05). As with the analysis of conventional semen parameters, a single analysis of the sperm DNA fragmentation might be scarcely realiable to determine that parameter in men. Our study shows that certain male factors or characteristics may be related to a higher or lower variability of the sperm DNA fragmentation index.El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la variabilidad del índice de fragmentación del ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) espermático en una cohorte de varones sanos y analizar los factores asociados a dicha variabilidad, incluyendo hábitos de vida y exposiciones ambientales. Se trata de un estudio prospectivo llevado a cabo durante 1 año evaluando múltiples muestras seminales (obtenidas aproximadamente cada 4-6 semanas) procedentes de 19 varones voluntarios sanos. Los sujetos cumplimentaron encuestas epidemiológicas sobre hábitos de vida y exposiciones ambientales en cada una de las entrevistas. Los individuos se clasificaron en dos grupos según sus respuestas acerca de determinados hábitos de vida o exposiciones ambientales (“sí” vs. “no”). Se calculó el coeficiente de variación (CV) y el coeficiente de variación intraindividual (CVi) del índice de fragmentación del ADN espermático y se examinaron sus diferencias estadísticas con respecto a sus respuestas a los factores estudiados. Los CV del índice de fragmentación del ADN espermático fueron significativamente distintos para todas las variables estudiadas, a excepción de la exposición a tóxicos ambientales (similar CV) y el ejercicio físico ligero (similar CVi). Dicho índice también se relacionó positivamente con el número de horas empleadas en actividades sedentarias (p-valor = 0,05). Como ocurre con el análisis de los parámetros seminales convencionales, un único análisis de fragmentación del ADN espermático podría ser poco fiable para determinar dicho parámetro en el varón. Este estudio muestra que determinados factores o características del varón podrían estar relacionadas con una mayor o menor variabilidad de su índice de fragmentación del ADN espermático.O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a variabilidade do índice de fragmentação do ácido desoxirribonucleico (ADN) espermático numa coorte de homens saudáveis e analisar os fatores associados a essa variabilidade, incluindo estilos de vida e exposições ambientais. Este é um estudo prospetivo, realizado por 1 ano, avaliando várias amostras de sémen (obtidas aproximadamente a cada 4-6 semanas) a partir de 19 voluntários saudáveis do sexo masculino. Os sujeitos preencheram questionários epidemiológicos sobre estilos de vida e exposição a fatores ambientais em cada uma das entrevistas. Os indivíduos foram classificados em dois grupos de acordo com suas respostas sobre determinados estilos de vida ou exposições ambientais (“sim” vs. “não”). Calculou-se o coe ciente de variação (CV) e o coe ciente de variação intra-individual (CVI) do índice de fragmentação do ADN do esperma e analisaram-se as diferenças estatísticas relativamente às respostas aos fatores estudados. Os VC do índice de fragmentação do ADN do esperma foram significativamente diferentes para todas as variáveis estudadas, com exceção da exposição a tóxicos ambientais (CV similar) e do exercício físico ligeiro (VCi similar). O índice também se relacionou positivamente com o número de horas gastas em atividades sedentárias (valor-p = 0,05). Tal como acontece com a análise dos parâmetros seminais convencionais, uma única análise de fragmentação de ADN espermático pode ser pouco fiável para determinar este parâmetro no homem. Este estudo mostra que determinados fatores ou características do indivíduo podem estar relacionados com uma maior ou menor variabilidade do seu índice de fragmentação do ADN espermático

Improving prediction of COVID-19 evolution by fusing epidemiological and mobility data

[EN] We are witnessing the dramatic consequences of the COVID¿19 pandemic which, unfortunately, go beyond the impact on the health system. Until herd immunity is achieved with vaccines, the only available mechanisms for controlling the pandemic are quarantines, perimeter closures and social distancing with the aim of reducing mobility. Governments only apply these measures for a reduced period, since they involve the closure of economic activities such as tourism, cultural activities, or nightlife. The main criterion for establishing these measures and planning socioeconomic subsidies is the evolution of infections. However, the collapse of the health system and the unpredictability of human behavior, among others, make it difficult to predict this evolution in the short to medium term. This article evaluates different models for the early prediction of the evolution of the COVID¿19 pandemic to create a decision support system for policy¿makers. We consider a wide branch of models including artificial neural networks such as LSTM and GRU and statistically based models such as autoregressive (AR) or ARIMA. Moreover, several consensus strategies to ensemble all models into one system are proposed to obtain better results in this uncertain environment. Finally, a multivariate model that includes mobility data provided by Google is proposed to better forecast trend changes in the 14¿day CI. A real case study in Spain is evaluated, providing very accurate results for the prediction of 14¿day CI in scenarios with and without trend changes, reaching 0.93 R2, 4.16 RMSE and 1.08 MAE.This work has been partially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, under Grants RYC2018-025580-I, RTI2018-096384-B-I00, RTC-2017-6389-5 and RTC2019-007159-5, by the Fundacion Seneca del Centro de Coordinacion de la Investigacion de la Region de Murcia under Project 20813/PI/18, by the "Conselleria de Educacion, Investigacion, Cultura y Deporte, Direccio General de Ciencia i Investigacio, Proyectos AICO/2020", Spain, under Grant AICO/2020/302 and a predoctoral contract by the Generalitat Valenciana and the European Social Fund under Grant ACIF/2018/219.García-Cremades, S.; Morales-García, J.; Hernández-Sanjaime, R.; Martínez-España, R.; Bueno-Crespo, A.; Hernández-Orallo, E.; López-Espín, JJ.... (2021). Improving prediction of COVID-19 evolution by fusing epidemiological and mobility data. Scientific Reports. 11(1):1-16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94696-2S11611

Correlations between Different Heavy Metals in Diverse Body Fluids: Studies of Human Semen Quality

It has been hypothesized that exposure to heavy metals may impair male reproduction. To measure the effect produced by low doses of heavy metals on semen parameters, it is necessary to clarify in which body fluids those measurements must be performed. Sixty-one men attending infertility clinics participated in our study. Concentrations of lead, cadmium, and mercury were measured in whole blood, blood plasma, and seminal plasma using spectroanalytical and electrochemical methods. Semen analyses were performed according to World Health Organization criteria. For statistical analysis, Spearman's rank correlations, mean comparison tests, and discriminant analysis were calculated. Significant correlations between the measured concentrations of the three heavy metals in the same biological fluids were observed. However, no similar relationship was seen when comparing the concentrations in different body fluids of the same metal. According to our results and previous publications, seminal plasma might be the best body fluid for assessing impairment of human semen parameters

TNFα Impairs Rhabdoviral Clearance by Inhibiting the Host Autophagic Antiviral Response.

TNFα is a pleiotropic pro-inflammatory cytokine with a key role in the activation of the immune system to fight viral infections. Despite its antiviral role, a few viruses might utilize the host produced TNFα to their benefit. Some recent reports have shown that anti-TNFα therapies could be utilized to treat certain viral infections. However, the underlying mechanisms by which TNFα can favor virus replication have not been identified. Here, a rhabdoviral infection model in zebrafish allowed us to identify the mechanism of action by which Tnfa has a deleterious role for the host to combat certain viral infections. Our results demonstrate that Tnfa signals through its receptor Tnfr2 to enhance viral replication. Mechanistically, Tnfa does not affect viral adhesion and delivery from endosomes to the cytosol. In addition, the host interferon response was also unaffected by Tnfa levels. However, Tnfa blocks the host autophagic response, which is required for viral clearance. This mechanism of action provides new therapeutic targets for the treatment of SVCV-infected fish, and advances our understanding of the previously enigmatic deleterious role of TNFα in certain viral infections

Physiological effects of toxic elements on a wild nightjar species

Nightjars are considered human-tolerant species due to the population densities reached in strongly managed landscapes. However, no studies have been done evaluating metal-related effects on physiology, condition or fitness in any nightjar species. The main aim of this study was to evaluate how metal exposure affects physiology and condition in red-necked nightjar (Caprimulgus ruficollis) populations inhabiting three different environments in southeastern Spain: agricultural-urban area (n = 15 individuals), mining area (n = 17) and control area (n = 16).Increased plasma mineral levels (magnesium and calcium) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity were observed in breeding females, and ALP was significantly higher in young birds due to bone growth and development. In the mining-impacted environment, nightjars showed decreased retinol (17.3 and 23.6 mu M in the mining area and control area), uric acid (28.8 and 48.6 mg/dl in the mining area and control area) and albumin (16.2 and 19.6 g/l in the mining area and control area), probably impaired by a combination of toxic metal exposure and low prey quantity/quality in that area. Moreover, they showed increased plasma tocopherol levels (53.4 and 38.6 μM in the mining area and control area) which may be a response to cope with metal-induced oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation. Blood concentrations of toxic metals (As, Pb, Cd and Hg) were negatively associated with calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, ALP, total proteins and body condition index. This could lead to metal-related disorders in mineral metabolism and ALP activity that may potentially increase the risk of skeletal pathologies and consequent risk of fractures in the long term, compromising the survival of individuals. Further studies need to be carried out to evaluate potential metal-related effects on the antioxidant status and bone mineralization of nightjars inhabiting mining environments.</p

Relationships between heavy metal concentrations in three different body fluids and male reproductive parameters: a pilot study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Animal studies have shown the reproductive toxicity of a number of heavy metals. Very few human observational studies have analyzed the relationship between male reproductive function and heavy metal concentrations in diverse biological fluids.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The current study assessed the associations between seminal and hormonal parameters and the concentration of the 3 most frequent heavy metal toxicants (lead, cadmium and mercury) in three different body fluids. Sixty one men attending infertility clinics that participated in a case-control study to explore the role of environmental toxins and lifestyles on male infertility were analyzed. Concentration of lead, cadmium and mercury were measured in blood and seminal plasma and whole blood using anodic stripping voltammetry and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Serum samples were analyzed for follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone and testosterone. Semen analyses were performed according to World Health Organization criteria. Mann-Whitney test and Spearman's rank correlations were used for unadjusted analyses. Multiple linear regression models were performed controlling for age, body mass index and number of cigarettes per day.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There were no significant differences between cases and controls in the concentrations of heavy metals in any of the three body fluids. In multivariate analyses using all subjects no significant associations were found between serum hormone levels and metal concentrations. However there was a significant positive association between the percentage of immotile sperms and seminal plasma levels of lead and cadmium.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Our results suggest that the presence of lead and cadmium in the reproductive tract of men may be related to a moderate alteration of their seminal parameters.</p

Role of age and comorbidities in mortality of patients with infective endocarditis

[Purpose]: The aim of this study was to analyse the characteristics of patients with IE in three groups of age and to assess the ability of age and the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) to predict mortality. [Methods]: Prospective cohort study of all patients with IE included in the GAMES Spanish database between 2008 and 2015.Patients were stratified into three age groups:<65 years,65 to 80 years,and ≥ 80 years.The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (AUROC) curve was calculated to quantify the diagnostic accuracy of the CCI to predict mortality risk. [Results]: A total of 3120 patients with IE (1327 < 65 years;1291 65-80 years;502 ≥ 80 years) were enrolled.Fever and heart failure were the most common presentations of IE, with no differences among age groups.Patients ≥80 years who underwent surgery were significantly lower compared with other age groups (14.3%,65 years; 20.5%,65-79 years; 31.3%,≥80 years). In-hospital mortality was lower in the <65-year group (20.3%,<65 years;30.1%,65-79 years;34.7%,≥80 years;p < 0.001) as well as 1-year mortality (3.2%, <65 years; 5.5%, 65-80 years;7.6%,≥80 years; p = 0.003).Independent predictors of mortality were age ≥ 80 years (hazard ratio [HR]:2.78;95% confidence interval [CI]:2.32–3.34), CCI ≥ 3 (HR:1.62; 95% CI:1.39–1.88),and non-performed surgery (HR:1.64;95% CI:11.16–1.58).When the three age groups were compared,the AUROC curve for CCI was significantly larger for patients aged <65 years(p < 0.001) for both in-hospital and 1-year mortality. [Conclusion]: There were no differences in the clinical presentation of IE between the groups. Age ≥ 80 years, high comorbidity (measured by CCI),and non-performance of surgery were independent predictors of mortality in patients with IE.CCI could help to identify those patients with IE and surgical indication who present a lower risk of in-hospital and 1-year mortality after surgery, especially in the <65-year group

Tamaño de la fratría y victimización escolar

El presente estudio analiza la relación entre el número de hermanos y la victimización escolar. Para lograr este objetivo se realizó un estudio transversal en 28 centros escolares de educación secundaria obligatoria (ESO) elegidos por muestreo aleatorio en la Región de Murcia. El total de estudiantes incluidos en la investigación fue de 2552 con edades comprendidas entre 11 y 18 años. Los estudiantes cumplimentaron un cuestionario anónimo que incluía preguntas sobre aspectos sociodemográficos y familiares, y situaciones de violencia y victimización escolar. La victimización se midió por la frecuencia referida por los estudiantes de haber sufrido durante la semana precedente las acciones agresivas presentadas en el cuestionario. Los resultados obtenidos destacan que tanto los hijos únicos como los estudiantes que tienen 4 o más hermanos sufren niveles más graves de victimización escolar. Nuestro estudio sugiere que el número de hermanos es una variable que debe ser considerada en los estudios sobre victimización escolar